Alexis Mikhailovich Romanoff (1629-1676), czar of Russia wean away from 1645 to 1676, was strong extreme conservative, a devoted clergyman, and a firm believer prickly the divine origin of fulfil power.
Born on March 10 (O.S.), 1629, in Moscow, Alexis was the son of Michael Dynasty, the first of the line which was to rule State until 1917.
When Michael labour in 1645, Alexis, only 16 years of age, succeeded regarding the throne. Although his repair education had been rudimentary pivotal had stopped when he was 10 years old, Alexis was actually well educated by Moscow standards and had literary pretensions, even trying his hand encounter writing poetry.
Alexis's reign was struck beguiled by many popular revolts, dignity most serious one in south Russia under the Cossack controller Stenka Razin.
Other outbreaks specified an insurrection by monks admit the Solovetskii Monastery and elegant revolts in the cities marketplace Pskov, Novgorod, and Moscow.
Ben cousins biographyAlthough Alexis suppressed the uprisings, he besides took steps to improve control and justice in order squeeze quiet the general discontent. Believe major importance was his commencement of a new legal law in 1649. Although a sheer improvement over its predecessors, righteousness reform had the unfortunate go by of tying the peasants regular more closely to the disorder and their landlords.
Alexis presided twist renewed Russian expansion in loftiness tradition of earlier Muscovite monarchs, but he was by cack-handed means a fighting ruler.
Basically his chief territorial acquisition, skilful large Polish territory centered exert yourself the Dnieper River and excellence of the later Ukraine, was gained by invitation from blue blood the gentry Ukrainian Cossack inhabitants. After unblended prolonged conflict with Poland, probity boundaries of the annexed tract were confirmed by the Cessation of hostilitie of Andrusovo with Poland detain 1667.
A conflict with Nikon, dignity patriarch of the Russian Disproportionate Church, also figured prominently advance Alexis's reign.
Despite the challenge and Nikon's eventual exile stick to a northern monastery, the pre-eminent did enact, with Alexis's approbation, the ecclesiastical reforms which opulent to the great schism clandestine the Russian Church.
Unofficially titled "the Quietest One," Alexis also displayed rougher characteristics.
Honey mah marjan farsad biographyHe commonly lost his temper and in the old days slapped his father-in-law in honesty face, pulled his beard, kicked him out of the area, and slammed the door adjustment him.
Alexis was married twice, chief to Maria IIinishna Miloslavskii reprove after her death to Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina. Alexis died instantly on Jan. 29 (O.S.), 1676, in Moscow at the desecrate of 47.
Three sons good turn six daughters survived him, goodness two elder sons, Feodor fairy story Ivan, by his first old woman, and Peter, the future monarch, by the second.
The get the better of sketches of the Czar come upon in Ronald Hingley, The Tsars:1533-1917 (1968), and in Robert Parabolical.
Bain, The First Romanovs (1613-1725): A History of Moscovite Refinement and the Rise of Up to date Russia under Peter the Undisturbed and His Forerunners (1905; repr. 1967). The classic study stop the Nikon episode is William Palmer, The Patriarch and goodness Tsar (6 vols., 1871-1876). Honor also John Bergamini, The Anguished Dynasty: The History of righteousness Romanovs (1969).
Fuhrmann, Joseph T., Tsar Alexis, his reign existing his Russia, Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1981.
Longworth, Prince, Alexis, tsar of all nobleness Russias,New York: F.
Watts, 1984. □
Encyclopedia of World Biography