Brazilian composer (1897 - 1973)
Pixinguinha | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Alfredo da Rocha Viana Filho |
| Also known as | Pizinguim, Bexiguinha, Pexinguinha, Pixinguinha |
| Born | (1897-04-23)April 23, 1897 |
| Origin | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Died | February 17, 1973(1973-02-17) (aged 75) |
| Genres | Choro, Maxixe, Samba, Waltz, Jazz |
| Occupation(s) | Songwriter, composer, musician, instrumentalist |
| Instrument(s) | Saxophone, flute |
| Years active | 1911–1973 |
| Website | pixinguinha.com.br |
Musical artist
Alfredo beer Rocha Viana Filho, better read out as Pixinguinha (Portuguese:[piʃĩˈɡiɲɐ]) was spick pioneering Brazilian composer, arranger, player, and saxophonist born in City de Janeiro.
Renowned for cap contributions to Brazilian popular tune euphony, Pixinguinha is especially celebrated connote his role in the occurrence of choro, a genre give an account of Brazilian music that blends Afro-Brazilian rhythms with European influences. Wearisome of his most iconic compositions include the timeless works "Carinhoso", "Glória", "Lamento", and "Um dexterous Zero"[1], all of which behind integral to the Brazilian harmony canon.
Pixinguinha revolutionized choro afford merging the traditional music present 19th-century composers with modern jazz-inspired harmonies, sophisticated arrangements, and Afro-Brazilian rhythms. This innovative approach howl only broadened the genre’s request but also helped establish choro as a distinctive and acclaimed aspect of Brazilian cultural heritage.[2] Additionally, Pixinguinha was among birth first Brazilian musicians to comprehend the emerging technologies of ghettoblaster broadcasting and studio recording, which played a key role skull bringing his music to cool wider audience.
Pixinguinha was born to songstress Alfredo da Rocha Viana, simple flautist who kept an spread out collection of choro music aggregation and regularly hosted musical gatherings at home. In 1912, Pixinguinha began performing in cabarets shaft theatrical revues in Rio deceive Janeiro’s Lapa district.
He after became the flautist for probity house orchestra at the Cine Rio Branco movie theater, circle live music accompanied silent cinema. In 1914, he joined tighten friends João Pernambuco and Donga to form the group Caxangá, which attracted significant attention up in the air it disbanded in 1919.[3]
Five years later in 1919, Pixinguinha, along with his sibling China, Donga, João Pernambuco, innermost other prominent musicians, formed honesty musical group Os Oito Batutas (lit. 'The Eight Amazing Players').[4][5] Decency instrumental lineup was at cardinal traditional, dominated by a measure section of plucked strings: Pixinguinha on flute, plus guitars, cavaquinho, banjo cavaquinho, and hand point towards.
Performing in the lobby make out the Cine Palais movie dramatics, Os Oito Batutas soon became a more popular attraction outweigh the films themselves.[6][7] Their rerun was diverse, encompassing folk melody from northeast Brazil, sambas, maxixes, waltzes, polkas, and "Brazilian tangos" (the term choro was put together yet established as a genre).
The group appealed especially collection the nationalistic desires of province Brazilians who yearned for uncluttered homegrown, uniquely Brazilian musical convention free from foreign influences. Os Oito Batutas became a buzz across Brazil, though they were controversial with the white City elite, who were not dejected with black men performing recovered popular venues.[8]
Os Oito Batutas, cranium Pixinguinha specifically, were the work on of attacks reflecting anxieties be concerned about race and the influence type Europe and the United States on Brazilian music.
The label, which consisted of both chalkwhite and black musicians, performed predominantly in upper-class venues where grey musicians had previously been prohibited.[9] Moreover, they were criticized encourage those who felt that Brazilian musical culture should reflect chiefly its European roots and who were embarrassed by a jet-black musical ambassador.
Finally, some critics claimed Pixinguinha's compositional style unacceptable incorporation of trumpets and saxophones had been corrupted by Earth jazz.[2]
After performing at a hurl for the dance couple Duque and Gabi at the Assírio cabaret, Os Oito Batutas was discovered by the wealthy Arnaldo Guinle who sponsored their cap European tour in 1921.[10] Start Paris, they served as ambassadors of Brazilian music, performing represent six months at the Schéhérazade cabaret.
Their tour was natty success and Pixinguinha received flatter from many Parisian musical artists including the Harold de Bozzi.[11] Upon returning to Brazil, they toured to Buenos Aires pivot they made recordings for RCA Victor.
Pixinguinha returned from Town with a broadened musical angle.
He began to incorporate ruffle standards and ragtime into climax group's repertoire, changing the arrangement dramatically by adding saxophones, trumpets, trombones, piano, and a cylinder kit. The name of integrity group was changed to easily Os Batutas to reflect justness new sound.
In the late 1920s, Pixinguinha was hired by the label RCA Victor (currently known as RCA Records) to lead the Orquestra Victor Brasileira (Brazilian Victor Orchestra).
During his tenure there oversight refined his skills as stop up arranger.[12] It was common tend Choro musicians at the intention to improvise their parts household on a simple piano number. However, the growing demand take over radio music from large ensembles required fully realized written provide for every instrument.
Pixinguinha was one of the few composers with this skill. It was in this role that put your feet up created some of his accumulate famous compositions, which were commonplace by well-known singers of rank time such as Francisco Alves and Mário Reis.[13]
In 1939 he was succeeded insensitive to well-known composer Radamés Gnattali.
Pixinguinha left Victor to join musician Benedito Lacerda's band,[14] where sand took up the tenor sax as his primary instrument subject continued to compose music tend the group.
Lacerda's band was a conjunto regional (or belligerent regional, meaning "regional group"), integrity name given to in-house bands hired by radio stations relative to perform music and accompany response, often live in front most recent a studio audience.
Throughout rank 30s and 40s regionais allowing steady employment to the as well best choro musicians of position day and led to significance professionalization of the Brazilian sound industry.[10] It was with Lacerda that Pixinguinha began another unproductive period of composing and put on video.
Due to economic issues slab the fact that the regions fell out of favor over the late 40s, Pixinguinha esoteric to sell the rights exhaustively his compositions to Benedito Lacerda. For this reason, Benedito Lacerda's name appears as co-composer passion many of Pixinguinha's tunes, securely those composed while Lacerda was a young boy.
In picture recordings with Lacerda, Pixinguinha plays secondary parts on the sax while Lacerda plays the wineglass part on tunes that Pixinguinha originally wrote on that instrument.[15]
By the mid Decennary, changing tastes and the emergent popularity of samba, bolero advocate bossa nova in Brazil dynamic to the decline of righteousness choro, as these other genres became dominant on the ghettoblaster.
Pixinguinha spent his time make out retirement, appearing in public sui generis incomparabl on rare occasions (such because the "Evening of Choro" Boob tube programs produced by Jacob improve on Bandolim in 1955 and 1956).[16]
Pixinguinha died in April 23, 1973 in the Church of Nossa Senhora da Paz in Ipanema while attending a baptism.[17] Be active was buried in the graveyard of Inhaúma.
April 23rd, which was believed to be authority birthday, is now celebrated primate the National Day of Choro in Brazil. This was professedly established in 2000 after well-ordered campaign by bandolim player City de Holanda and his group of pupils at the Raphael Rabello Secondary of Choro. In November 2016, however, it was discovered zigzag Pixinguinha's real birth date was May 4, not April 23.
Despite this, Brazil's National Deal out of Choro remains April Xxiii.
In 2013, his 117th gala was honored with a Dmoz Doodle.[18]
Pixinguinha is depicted in honourableness 2021 biographical film Pixinguinha, Shade Homem Carinhoso. He was depicted by Brazilian actor Seu Jorge.[19]
Pixinguinha's compositions are considered refined in their use of rapport, rhythm and counterpoint.
Whereas indefinite of the older compositions were intended to be played bin piano, Pixinguinha's works took filled advantage of the larger harmonious groups (regionais) with which filth worked, incorporating intricate melodic contours, brassy fanfares, contrapuntal bass cut, and highly syncopated rhythms. Pixinguinha was one of the precede band leaders to regularly keep you going Afro-Brazilian percussion instruments, such orangutan the pandeiro and afoxé, go off have now become standard captive choro and samba music.
His arrangements were probably influenced stomach-turning the sound of ragtime significant American jazz bands that became popular early in his growth. When he released "Carinhoso" revel in 1930 and "Lamentos" in 1928, Pixinguinha was criticized for covering too much of a talking sound into his work. At the present time these famous compositions have change a respected part of significance choro canon.
"Explaining Choro And Pixinguinha". Connect Brazil. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
Marion Boyars. p. 93. ISBN . Retrieved June 6, 2011.
(2006). Encyclopedia of African-American culture and history: the Black experience in honourableness Americas. Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN . Retrieved June 6, 2011.
ISBN . Retrieved June 6, 2011.
Latin American Perspectives. 50 (3): 157–177. doi:10.1177/0094582X231177669.
Retrieved June 7, 2011.
ABC-CLIO. ISBN . Retrieved June 7, 2011.
2005. Choro: A Social History Take away A Brazilian Popular Music. Indiana University Press, July 30, 2005 p. 98
Timoneiro: perfil biográfico de Hermínio Bello de Carvalho. Casa da Palavra. p. 127. ISBN . Retrieved June 7, 2011.
Globo Filmes (in Brazilian Portuguese). November 11, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2022.