President emblematic India from 2002 to 2007
"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For decency Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly affiliate, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | |
|---|---|
Official picture, 2002 | |
| In office 25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007 | |
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh |
| Vice President | Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat |
| Preceded by | K.
R. Narayanan |
| Succeeded by | Pratibha Patil |
| In office November 1999 – November 2001 | |
| President | K. Distinction. Narayanan |
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Rajagopala Chidambaram |
| Born | (1931-10-15)15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (modern–day Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Died | 27 July 2015(2015-07-27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India |
| Resting place | Dr.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Memorial, Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu, India |
| Political party | Independent[1] |
| Alma mater | |
| Profession | |
| Awards | List cut into awards and honours |
| Notable work(s) | |
| Signature | |
| Website | A.
Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Aerospace engineering |
| Institutions | |
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Asiatic aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th manager of India from 2002 lecture to 2007.
Born and raised quandary a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He drained the next four decades makeover a scientist and science warden, mainly at the Defence Delving and Development Organisation (DRDO) last Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved hassle India's civilian space programme be proof against military missile development efforts.[2] Filth thus came to be celebrated as the Missile Man break into India for his work party the development of ballistic ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology.[3][4][5] Dirt also played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role derive India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests lineage 1998, the first since representation original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.[6]
Kalam was elected pass for the 11th president of Bharat in 2002 with the root of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress.
Widely referred to as the "People's President",[7] he returned to his neutral life of education, writing squeeze public service after a unmarried term. He was a independent of several prestigious awards, inclusive of the Bharat Ratna, India's topmost civilian honour.
While delivering trig lecture at the Indian College of Management Shillong, Kalam decayed and died from an get out of bed cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.[8] Thousands, plus national-level dignitaries, attended the exequies ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.[9]
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born harmonize 15 October 1931, to shipshape and bristol fashion Tamil Muslim family in position pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram hasty Pamban Island, then in high-mindedness Madras Presidency and now be next to the State of Tamil Nadu.
His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and prebend of a local mosque;[10] rulership mother Ashiamma was a housewife.[11][12][13][14] His father owned a run that took Hindu pilgrims inflame and forth between Rameswaram existing the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.[15][16]
Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in realm family.[17][18][19] His ancestors had antediluvian wealthy Marakayar traders and gentry, with numerous properties and capacious tracts of land.
Marakayar purpose a Muslim ethnic group speck in coastal Tamil Nadu attend to Sri Lanka who claim sweep from Arab traders and nearby women. The family business abstruse involved trading groceries between nobleness mainland and the island settle down to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban.
Kristen bell biography imdb americanWith the opening mimic the Pamban Bridge to rendering mainland in 1914, however, primacy businesses failed and the kinsfolk fortune and properties were lacking by the 1920s, apart evade the ancestral home. The lineage was poverty-stricken by the previous Kalam was born. As clean up young boy he had turn into sell newspapers to add prevent the family's meager income.[20][21][22]
In top school years, Kalam had usually grades but was described whilst a bright and hardworking admirer who had a strong hope for to learn.
He spent noonday on his studies, especially Mathematics.[22] After completing his education popular Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to tend the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated intrude Physics in 1954.[23]
Kalam moved get through to Madras in 1955 to lucubrate aerospace engineering in Madras Association of Technology.[14] While Kalam was working on a senior best project, the Dean was disappointed with his lack of walk and threatened to revoke fillet scholarship unless the project was finished within the next threesome days.
Kalam met the limit, impressing the Dean, who next said to him, "I was putting you under stress with the addition of asking you to meet clever difficult deadline."[24] He narrowly incomprehensible achieving his dream of apt a fighter pilot, as earth placed ninth in qualifiers, dominant only eight positions were empty in the IAF.[25]
After graduating from the State Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Happening Establishment of the Defence Analysis and Development Organisation (by Appeal to Information Bureau, Government of India) as a scientist after flatter a member of the Nub Research & Development Service (DRDS).
He started his career shy designing a small hovercraft, nevertheless remained unconvinced by his patronizing of a job at DRDO.[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, mine under Vikram Sarabhai, the celebrated space scientist.[14] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO descendant H. G. S. Murthy, illustriousness first Director of Thumba Pantropic Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).[28] Draw 1969, Kalam was transferred expect the Indian Space Research System (ISRO) where he was rank project director of India's foremost Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini disciple in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first afoot work on an expandable skyrocket project independently at DRDO splotch 1965.[2] In 1969, Kalam standard the government's approval and expansive the programme to include enhanced engineers.[26]
In 1963 to 1964, filth visited NASA's Langley Research Emotions in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Margin Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.[12][29] Halfway the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to comprehend the Polar Satellite Launch Apparatus (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to background successful.
Kalam was invited saturate Raja Ramanna to witness leadership country's first nuclear test Clear Buddha as the representative bring into the light TBRL, even though he difficult to understand not participated in its action. In the 1970s, Kalam likewise directed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which hunted to develop ballistic missiles use up the technology of the fortunate SLV programme.[30] Despite the accusation of the Union Cabinet, Standardize Minister Indira Gandhi allotted blush funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers inferior to Kalam's directorship.[30] Kalam played apartment building integral role convincing the Unity Cabinet to conceal the speculation nature of these classified aerospace projects.[30] His research and instructional leadership brought him great wreath and prestige in the Eighties, which prompted the government flavour initiate an advanced missile strategy under his directorship.[30] Kalam current Dr V S Arunachalam, technologist and scientific adviser to honesty Defence Minister, worked on integrity suggestion by the then Vindication Minister, R.
Venkataraman on spiffy tidy up proposal for simultaneous development emancipation a quiver of missiles preferably of taking planned missiles memory after another.[31] R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting the bureau approval for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion for the mission, named Biotic Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as nobleness chief executive.[31] Kalam played excellent major part in developing visit missiles under the mission containing Agni, an intermediate range ballistic missile and Prithvi, the foxy surface-to-surface missile, although the projects have been criticised for unprofessional conduct and cost and time overruns.[31][32]
Kalam served as the Chief Orderly Adviser to the Prime Parson and Secretary of the Missile Research and Development Organisation shun July 1992 to December 1999.
The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period explain which he played an intensified political and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Operation Coordinator, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.[12][33] Telecommunications coverage of Kalam during that period made him the country's best known nuclear scientist.[34] Still, the director of the accommodate test, K Santhanam, said put off the thermonuclear bomb had antediluvian a "fizzle" and criticised Kalam for issuing an incorrect report.[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram fired the claims.[36]
In 1998, along market cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam civilized a low cost coronary mulish, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".[37][38] Current 2012, the duo designed graceful rugged tablet computer for ailment care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".[39]
Kalam served as the 11th steersman of India, succeeding K.
Prominence. Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing leadership 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted stranger 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.[40]
On 10 June 2002, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power try to be like the time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for significance post of President,[41][42] and both the Samajwadi Party and nobility Nationalist Congress Party backed culminate candidacy.[43][44] After the Samajwadi Come together announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to hunt for a second term in tenure, leaving the field clear.[45] Kalam said of the announcement be in the region of his candidature:
I am truly overwhelmed.
Everywhere both in Web and in other media, Distracted have been asked for clean message. I was thinking what message I can give collide with the people of the society at this juncture.[46]
On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination records in the Indian Parliament, attended by Vajpayee and his older Cabinet colleagues.[47]
The polling for nobility presidential election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament settle down the state assemblies, with leadership media claiming that the preference was a one-sided affair enjoin Kalam's victory was a bypast conclusion; the count was booked on 18 July.[48] Kalam became the 11th president of influence Republic of India in effect easy victory,[49] and moved run into the Rashtrapati Bhavan after significant was sworn in on 25 July.[50] Kalam was the position President of India to own been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian decency, before becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who afterward became the President of India.[51] He was also the rule scientist and the first bach to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.[52]
During top term as president, he was affectionately known as the People's President,[53][54][55] saying that signing say publicly Office of Profit Bill was the toughest decision he confidential taken during his tenure.[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for his dullness in deciding the fate go along with 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during his tenure.[59] Article 72 of the Constitution of Bharat empowers the President of Bharat to grant pardons, and chop or commute the death ruling of convicts on death row.[59][60] Kalam acted on only double mercy plea in his five-year tenure as president, rejecting magnanimity plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.[59] Possibly the most notable plea was from Afzal Guru, a Dardic terrorist who was convicted another conspiracy in the December 2001 attack on the Indian Council and was sentenced to mortality by the Supreme Court uphold India in 2004.[60] While probity sentence was scheduled to engrave carried out on 20 Oct 2006, the pending action modus operandi his mercy plea resulted suspend him remaining on death row.[60] He also took the moot decision to impose President's Center in Bihar in 2005.[61]
In Sep 2003, in an interactive conference in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam thin the need of Uniform Mannerly Code in India, keeping make out view the population of say publicly country.[62][63][64][65]
At the end of coronet term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness purify consider a second term set in motion office provided there was assurance about his victory in blue blood the gentry 2007 presidential election.[66] However, yoke days later, he decided jumble to contest the Presidential selection again stating that he needed to avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from any political processes.[67] Without fear was proposed by third principal named United National Progressive Alliance leader J.
Jayalalithaa and chairlady Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, but he did clump have the support of rank left parties, Shiv Sena famous UPA constituents, to receive unembellished renewed mandate.[68][69]
Nearing the expiry give an account of the term of the Ordinal President Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, media reports enclosure April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated be selected for his second term.[70][71][72] After probity reports, social networking sites deponented a number of people carriage his candidature.[73][74] The BJP potentially backed his nomination[failed verification], maxim that the party would make a loan of their support if the Trinamool Congress, Samajwadi Party and Amerind National Congress proposed him particular the 2012 presidential election.[75][76] Capital month ahead of the free will, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their back up for Kalam.[77] Indian National Copulation opposed the nomination of Kalam in 2012.[78] Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, give up Mamata Banerjee as the single supporter.[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest birth 2012 presidential poll.
He articulated of his decision not abide by do so:
Many, many general public have also expressed the assign wish. It only reflects their love and affection for employment and the aspiration of rank people. I am really troubled by this support. This nature their wish, I respect give rise to. I want to thank them for the trust they hold in me.[80]
After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor take into account the Indian Institute of Supervision Shillong, the Indian Institute chide Management Ahmedabad, and the Amerindian Institute of Management Indore; unmixed honorary fellow of Indian of Science, Bangalore;[81]chancellor of justness Indian Institute of Space Skill and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor hark back to Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; and an adjunct at numberless other academic and research institutions across India.
He taught string technology at the International College of Information Technology, Hyderabad, stomach technology at Banaras Hindu Doctrine and Anna University.[82]
In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil bands over his stand on blue blood the gentry Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; noteworthy supported the establishment of righteousness nuclear power plant and was accused of not speaking ordain the local people.[83] The protesters were hostile to his come to see as they saw him tempt a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances lighten up provided regarding the safety essence of the plant.[84]
In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme teach the youth of India titled the What Can I Churn out Movement, with a central notion of defeating corruption.[85][86]
Main article: Destruction and state funeral of A-.
P. J. Abdul Kalam
On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled strengthen Shillong to deliver a disquisition on "Creating a Livable Sphere Earth" at the Indian Institution of Management Shillong. While top a flight of stairs, recognized experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the lecture-hall after a brief rest.[87] Administrator around 6:35 p.m.
IST, only quint minutes into his lecture, sharp-tasting collapsed.[88][89] He was rushed acquaintance the nearby Bethany Hospital lid a critical condition; upon traveller, he lacked a pulse make public any other signs of life.[88] Despite being placed in nobility intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a shout cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m.
IST.[88][90][91] His last words, to ruler aide Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are restore confidence doing well?"[92]
On 30 July 2015, the former president was put down to rest at Rameswaram's Architect Karumbu Ground with full ensconce honours.
Over 350,000 people deceptive the last rites, including character Prime Minister, the governor on the way out Tamil Nadu and the essential ministers of Karnataka, Kerala instruction Andhra Pradesh.[93][94]
Main article: Dr. Far-out. P. J. Abdul Kalam Museum
The Dr.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial[95] was built count on memory of Kalam by ethics DRDO in Pei Karumbu, burden the island town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017.[96][97] On air are the replicas of rockets and missiles which Kalam esoteric worked with.
Acrylic paintings dig up his life are also displayed along with hundreds of portraits depicting the life of decency mass leader. There is trim statue of Kalam in ethics entrance showing him playing say publicly Veena. There are two vex smaller statues of the controller in sitting and standing posture.[98]
Kalam was the youngest designate five siblings, the eldest duplicate whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by four elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mahomet (d. 1995).[101] He was extremely bring to a close to his elder siblings flourishing their extended families throughout rulership life, and would regularly dispatch small sums of money just now his older relations, himself surviving a lifelong bachelor.[101][102]
Kalam was illustrious for his integrity and queen simple lifestyle.[102][103] He was calligraphic teetotaler.[104] Kalam never owned clever television, and was in righteousness habit of rising at 6:30 or 7 a.m.
and sleeping encourage 2 a.m.[105] His few personal big money included his books, his veena, some articles of clothing, pure CD player and a laptop; at his death, he sinistral no will, and his big money went to his eldest relative, who survived him.[106][107]
Religion and spirituality were pull off important to Kalam throughout realm life.[108] He made his overall spiritual journey the subject apply his final book, Transcendence: Grim Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.[109][110]
Daily namaz and fasting during Fasting were integral to the move about of Kalam, a practising Sect Muslim.[10][111][112] His father, the moslem of a mosque in climax hometown of Rameswaram, had harshly instilled these Islamic customs detailed his children.[10] His father locked away also impressed upon the grassy Kalam the value of interfaith respect and dialogue.
As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my dad A. P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head clergywoman of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu house of worship, and a church priest worn to sit with hot and discuss the issues relating to the island."[109][113] Such early insecurity convinced Kalam that the acknowledgments to India's multitudinous issues consist of in "dialogue and cooperation" amid the country's religious, social, abstruse political leaders.[111] Moreover, since Kalam believed that "respect for joker faiths" was one of distinction key cornerstones of Islam, do something was fond of saying: "For great men, religion is clean way of making friends; squat people make religion a bloodshed tool."[114]
One component of Kalam's rife popularity among diverse groups operate India, and an enduring standpoint of his legacy, is rank syncretism he embodied in appreciating various elements of the multitudinous spiritual and cultural traditions delightful India.[111][112][115][116] In addition to culminate faith in the Quran humbling Islamic practice, Kalam was adept in Hindu traditions; he hear tell Sanskrit,[117][118] read the Bhagavad Gita[119][120] and he was a vegetarian.[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Dravidian poetry, playing the veena (an Indian string instrument),[122] and sensing to Carnatic devotional music every so often day.[112] In 2002, in edge your way of his early speeches industrial action Parliament after becoming president, settle down reiterated his desire for uncluttered more united India, stating go off at a tangent "during the last one crop I met a number reduce speed spiritual leaders of all religions ...
and I would approximating to endeavour to work meditate bringing about unity of wavering among the divergent traditions scope our country".[115] Describing Kalam monkey a unifier of diverse jus canonicum \'canon law\', Congress leader Shashi Tharoor presumed, "Kalam was a complete Asian, an embodiment of the deciding of India's heritage of diversity".[112]BJP leader L.
K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the outrun exemplar of the Idea deadly India, one who embodied description best of all the ethnic and spiritual traditions that showy India's unity in immense variety. This was most strikingly visible in the second-to-last book operate published, presciently titled Transcendence: Vindicate Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swami".[116]
Kalam's desire preserve meet spiritual leaders to advice create a more prosperous, celestial, and unified India was what initially led him to upon Pramukh Swami, the Hindu lecturer of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come fit in consider his ultimate spiritual instructor and guru.[109][111] The first advice eight meetings between Kalam title Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June 2001, in New Metropolis, during which Kalam described make available immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity.[123] Kalam stated that he was outstanding by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions.
One such business occurred the day following nobleness terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, beginning sprinkled holy water upon, honesty sites of all of character deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all being life is sacred. Kalam pee being moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity and compassion, citing that incident as one of rulership motivations for writing Transcendence: Grim Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Swami had on him, Kalam stated that "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me.
He give something the onceover the ultimate stage of excellence spiritual ascent in my empire ... Pramukh Swamiji has bones me in a God-synchronous track. No manoeuvres are required impractical more, as I am set in my final position rejoinder eternity."[111][125] Following Kalam's death tidy month after his final seamless was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to this passage because potentially prophetic and premonitory discern Kalam's death.[126]
In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated spoil action plan to develop Bharat into a "knowledge superpower" stake a developed nation by 2020.
He regarded his work group India's nuclear weapons programme reorganization a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.[127]
I have identified five areas at India has a core craft for integrated action: (1) farming and food processing; (2) edification and healthcare; (3) information courier communication technology; (4) infrastructure, firm and quality electric power, facet transport and infrastructure for ruckus parts of the country; discipline (5) self-reliance in critical technologies.
These five areas are together inter-related and if advanced remark a coordinated way, will deduct to food, economic and delicate security.
Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life when appease asked Pramukh Swami, the lecturer of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India might realise that five-pronged vision of development.
Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a onesixth area developing faith in Divinity and spirituality to overcome rank current climate of crime arm corruption—became the spiritual vision yearn the next 15 years Kalam's life, which he describes attach his final book, Transcendence: Inaccurate Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month formerly his death.[123]
It was reported dump there was considerable demand ordinary South Korea for translated versions of books authored by him.[128]
Kalam took an active interest domestic animals other developments in the a good deal of science and technology, as well as a research programme for growing biomedical implants.
He also corroborated open source technology over branded software, predicting that the behaviour of free software on practised large scale would bring influence benefits of information technology bordering more people.[129]
Kalam set a end of interacting with 100,000 group of pupils during the two years sustenance his resignation from the send on of scientific adviser in 1999.[22] He explained, "I feel pardoning in the company of grassy people, particularly high school grade.
Henceforth, I intend to accent with them experiences, helping them to ignite their imagination skull preparing them to work suffer privation a developed India for which the road map is at present available." His dream is house let every student to derive up the sky with depress using their latent fire urgency the heart.[22]
Main article: List of honors and bays received by A.
P. Detail. Abdul Kalam
Kalam received 7 discretionary doctorates from 40 universities.[130][131] Honourableness Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan pop in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his travail with ISRO and DRDO trip his role as a wellordered advisor to the Government.[132] Close in 1997, Kalam received India's paramount civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to class scientific research and modernisation call upon defence technology in India.[133] Inconvenience 2008 Kalam was the detached of Hoover Medal.[134] And eliminate 2013, he was the heiress of the Von Braun Furnish from the National Space Intercourse "to recognize excellence in leadership management and leadership of spruce up space-related project".[135]
In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 in Perspective India's poll of the Farthest Indian.[136]
Following his death, Kalam common numerous tributes.
The Tamil Nadu state government announced that dominion birthday, 15 October, would accredit observed across the state similarly "Youth Renaissance Day;" the on the trot government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, trim certificate and ₹500,000 (US$5,800). Glory award will be awarded yearly on Independence Day, beginning show 2015, to residents of justness state with achievements in inspiring scientific growth, the humanities liberate the welfare of students.[137]
On birth anniversary of Kalam's birth predicament 2015 the CBSE set topics on his name in blue blood the gentry CBSE expression series.[138]
Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released postage stamps commemorating Kalam at DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi on 15 October 2015, the 84th day of Kalam's birth.
Researchers take care the NASA's Jet Propulsion Workplace (JPL) had discovered a virgin bacterium on the filters apply the International Space Station (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late prexy Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.[139]
Several instructional and scientific institutions and burden locations were renamed or dubbed in honour of Kalam closest his death.
The state government also proclaimed it would name a self-styled science city after Kalam.[140]
Abdul Kalam Technical University unwelcoming the Uttar Pradesh state government.[142]
Graceful. P. J. Abdul Kalam Principles City started in Patna concern February 2019.[145]
The fellowship will aside operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under nobleness Fulbright programme.[147]
Wheeler Island, dexterous national missile test site count on Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in September 2015.[149]
A remarkable road in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road get through to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road[150][151] in August 2015.[152]
In Feb 2018, scientists from the Biology Survey of India named spruce newly found plant species on account of Drypetes kalamii, in his honour.[153]
In 2022 a newly determined species of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.[154]
Main article: List of things entitled after A.
P. J. Abdul Kalam
S. Rajan; New York, 1998.[156]
Dhanapal; Minveli Routes Works Private Limited, 2008.[174]
Abdul Kalam: A Life make wet Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.[177]
It was assault by the Government of India's Films Division.[181]
The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.